What is the primary function of a router in a network?

The primary function of a router is to direct data packets between different networks. Routers handle the task of forwarding data from one network to another, determining the best path for the packets to travel. This is achieved through routing tables and protocols that allow routers to make informed decisions on where to send data based on network addresses.

When a device on one network needs to communicate with a device on another network, it sends data packets to the router, which then looks up the destination address in its routing table. The router uses this information to forward the packet through the most efficient path to reach the intended destination, even if it spans multiple networks. This capability is essential for the functioning of the internet and private networks, as it allows for communication across diverse and distributed infrastructures.

In contrast, the other functions mentioned are specifically associated with different devices or functionalities within a network. Connecting multiple devices within the same network is the role of a switch. Analyzing data packets for security is primarily the concern of intrusion detection systems or firewalls, not a router. Serving as a firewall involves inspecting and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, which is also not the main function of a router.