Which of the following devices typically requires a crossover cable for direct connection?

A crossover cable is used to connect two similar devices directly, allowing them to communicate without the need for a hub or switch to facilitate the connection. In this context, when connecting a computer to another computer, both devices have the same roles as end hosts, each with a network interface that sends and receives data. Therefore, a crossover cable is necessary for direct communication, as it ensures that the transmit pins on one computer are connected to the receive pins of the other, allowing for proper data transmission.

In contrast, when connecting devices such as a computer to a switch, or a router to a hub, the products of different roles typically utilize straight-through cables. The same applies when connecting a switch to an access point; those connections also typically use straight-through cables. The crossover cable is specifically essential when the devices being connected are of the same type and function, as in the case of connecting a computer to another computer.